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hydrophobic effect
The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in aqueous solution and exclude water molecules. This occurs because interactions between the hydrophobic molecules allow water molecules to bond more freely, increasing the entropy of the system. The word hydrophobic literally means "water-fearing," and it describes the segregation and apparent repulsion between water and nonpolar substances.
The hydrophobic effect is responsible for the separation of a mixture of oil and water into its two components. The hydrophobic effect is also responsible for the stability of cell membranes, drives protein folding as well as the insertion of membrane proteins into the nonpolar lipid environment and finally stabilizes protein-small molecule interactions. Hence the hydrophobic effect is essential to life. Substances for which this effect is observed are known as hydrophobes.
== Amphiphiles ==
Amphiphiles are molecules that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. Detergents are composed of amphiphiles that allow hydrophobic molecules to be solubilized in water by forming micelles and bilayers (as in soap bubbles). They are also important to cell membranes composed of amphiphilic phospholipids that prevent the internal aqueous environment of a cell from mixing with external water.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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